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tail — output the last part of files
tail [OPTION...] [FILE...]
Print the last 10 lines of each FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE, precede each with a header giving the file name. With no FILE, or when FILE is −, read standard input.
Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.
−c, −−bytes=Koutput the last K bytes; alternatively, use
−c +K to output bytes
starting with the Kth of each file
−f, −−follow[={name|descriptor}]output appended data as the file grows; −f, −−follow, and −−follow=descriptor are
equivalent
−Fsame as −−follow=name −−retry
−n, −−lines=Koutput the last K lines, instead of the last 10; or
use −n +K to output
lines starting with the Kth
−−max−unchanged−stats=Nwith −−follow=name, reopen a FILE which
has not changed size after N (default 5) iterations to
see if it has been unlinked or renamed (this is the
usual case of rotated log files). With inotify, this
option is rarely useful.
−−pid=PIDwith −f, terminate
after process ID, PID dies
−q, −−quiet, −−silentnever output headers giving file names
−−retrykeep trying to open a file even when it is or
becomes inaccessible; useful when following by name,
i.e., with −−follow=name
−s, −−sleep−interval=Nwith −f, sleep for
approximately N seconds (default 1.0) between
iterations. With inotify and −−pid=P, check process P at least once
every N seconds.
−v, −−verbosealways output headers giving file names
−−helpdisplay this help and exit
−−versionoutput version information and exit
If the first character of K (the number of bytes or lines) is a '+', print beginning with the Kth item from the start of each file, otherwise, print the last K items in the file. K may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
With −−follow
(−f), tail defaults to
following the file descriptor, which means that even if a
tail'ed file is renamed, tail will continue to track its end.
This default behavior is not desirable when you really want
to track the actual name of the file, not the file descriptor
(e.g., log rotation). Use −−follow=name in that case. That causes
tail to track the named file in a way that accommodates
renaming, removal and creation.
Report tail bugs to bug−coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <http://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Report tail translation bugs to <http://translationproject.org/team/>
The full documentation for tail is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and tail programs are properly installed at your site, the command
info coreutils 'tail invocation'
should give you access to the complete manual.
| COPYRIGHT |
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Copyright © 2013 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>. This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it. There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. |