DESCRIPTION

These functions convert the byte encoding of integer values from the byte order that the current CPU (the "host") uses, to and from little-endian and big-endian byte order.

The number, nn, in the name of each function indicates the size of integer handled by the function, either 16, 32, or 64 bits.

The functions with names of the form "htobenn" convert from host byte order to big-endian order.

The functions with names of the form "htolenn" convert from host byte order to little-endian order.

The functions with names of the form "benntoh" convert from big-endian order to host byte order.

The functions with names of the form "lenntoh" convert from little-endian order to host byte order.

VERSIONS

These functions were added to glibc in version 2.9.

CONFORMING TO

These functions are nonstandard. Similar functions are present on the BSDs, where the required header file is <sys/endian.h> instead of <endian.h> Unfortunately, NetBSD, FreeBSD, and glibc haven't followed the original OpenBSD naming convention for these functions, whereby the nn component always appears at the end of the function name (thus, for example, in NetBSD, FreeBSD, and glibc, the equivalent of OpenBSDs "betoh32" is "be32toh").

NOTES

These functions are similar to the older byteorder(3) family of functions. For example, be32toh() is identical to ntohl().

The advantage of the byteorder(3) functions is that they are standard functions available on all UNIX systems. On the other hand, the fact that they were designed for use in the context of TCP/IP means that they lack the 64-bit and little-endian variants described in this page.

EXAMPLE

The program below display the results of converting an integer from host byte order to both little-endian and big-endian byte order. Since host byte order is either little-endian or big-endian, only one of these conversions will have an effect. When we run this program on a little-endian system such as x86-32, we see the following:

#include <endian.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    union {
        uint32_t u32;
        uint8_t arr[4];
    } x;

    x.arr[0] = 0x11;    /* Lowest-address byte */
    x.arr[1] = 0x22;
    x.arr[2] = 0x33;
    x.arr[3] = 0x44;    /* Highest-address byte */

    printf("x.u32 = 0x%x\n", x.u32);
    printf("htole32(x.u32) = 0x%x\n", htole32(x.u32));
    printf("htobe32(x.u32) = 0x%x\n", htobe32(x.u32));

    exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
}

SEE ALSO

byteorder(3)