Linux manual pages Section 7: Macros and Conventions  

Name

ascii — ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal, and hexadecimal

DESCRIPTION

ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange. It is a 7-bit code. Many 8-bit codes (such as ISO 8859-1, the Linux default character set) contain ASCII as their lower half. The international counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO 646.

The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters.

C program '\X' escapes are noted.

Oct Dec Hex Char Oct Dec Hex Char
000 0 00 NUL '\0' 100 64 40 @
001 1 01 SOH (start of heading) 101 65 41 A
002 2 02 STX (start of text) 102 66 42 B
003 3 03 ETX (end of text) 103 67 43 C
004 4 04 EOT (end of transmission) 104 68 44 D
005 5 05 ENQ (enquiry) 105 69 45 E
006 6 06 ACK (acknowledge) 106 70 46 F
007 7 07 BEL '\a' (bell) 107 71 47 G
010 8 08 BS '\b' (backspace) 110 72 48 H
011 9 09 HT '\t' (horizontal tab) 111 73 49 I
012 10 0A LF '\n' (new line) 112 74 4A J
013 11 0B VT '\v' (vertical tab) 113 75 4B K
014 12 0C FF '\f' (form feed) 114 76 4C L
015 13 0D CR '\r' (carriage ret) 115 77 4D M
016 14 0E SO (shift out) 116 78 4E N
017 15 0F SI (shift in) 117 79 4F O
020 16 10 DLE (data link escape) 120 80 50 P
021 17 11 DC1 (device control 1) 121 81 51 Q
022 18 12 DC2 (device control 2) 122 82 52 R
023 19 13 DC3 (device control 3) 123 83 53 S
024 20 14 DC4 (device control 4) 124 84 54 T
025 21 15 NAK (negative ack.) 125 85 55 U
026 22 16 SYN (synchronous idle) 126 86 56 V
027 23 17 ETB (end of trans. blk) 127 87 57 W
030 24 18 CAN (cancel) 130 88 58 X
031 25 19 EM (end of medium) 131 89 59 Y
032 26 1A SUB (substitute) 132 90 5A Z
033 27 1B ESC (escape) 133 91 5B [
034 28 1C FS (file separator) 134 92 5C \ '\\'
035 29 1D GS (group separator) 135 93 5D ]
036 30 1E RS (record separator) 136 94 5E ^
037 31 1F US (unit separator) 137 95 5F _
040 32 20 SPACE 140 96 60 `
041 33 21 ! 141 97 61 a
042 34 22 " 142 98 62 b
043 35 23 # 143 99 63 c
044 36 24 $ 144 100 64 d
045 37 25 % 145 101 65 e
046 38 26 & 146 102 66 f
047 39 27 ' 147 103 67 g
050 40 28 ( 150 104 68 h
051 41 29 ) 151 105 69 i
052 42 2A * 152 106 6A j
053 43 2B + 153 107 6B k
054 44 2C , 154 108 6C l
055 45 2D − 155 109 6D m
056 46 2E . 156 110 6E n
057 47 2F / 157 111 6F o
060 48 30 0 160 112 70 p
061 49 31 1 161 113 71 q
062 50 32 2 162 114 72 r
063 51 33 3 163 115 73 s
064 52 34 4 164 116 74 t
065 53 35 5 165 117 75 u
066 54 36 6 166 118 76 v
067 55 37 7 167 119 77 w
070 56 38 8 170 120 78 x
071 57 39 9 171 121 79 y
072 58 3A : 172 122 7A z
073 59 3B ; 173 123 7B {
074 60 3C < 174 124 7C |
075 61 3D = 175 125 7D }
076 62 3E > 176 126 7E ~
077 63 3F ? 177 127 7F DEL

Tables

For convenience, let us give more compact tables in hex and decimal.

   2 3 4 5 6 7       30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
 -------------      ---------------------------------
0:   0 @ P ` p     0:    (  2  <  F  P  Z  d   n   x
1: ! 1 A Q a q     1:    )  3  =  G  Q  [  e   o   y
2: " 2 B R b r     2:    *  4  >  H  R  \  f   p   z
3: # 3 C S c s     3: !  +  5  ?  I  S  ]  g   q   {
4: $ 4 D T d t     4: "  ,  6  @  J  T  ^  h   r   |
5: % 5 E U e u     5: #  −  7  A  K  U  _  i   s   }
6: & 6 F V f v     6: $  .  8  B  L  V  `  j   t   ~
7: ' 7 G W g w     7: %  /  9  C  M  W  a  k   u  DEL
8: ( 8 H X h x     8: &  0  :  D  N  X  b  l   v
9: ) 9 I Y i y     9: '  1  ;  E  O  Y  c  m   w
A: * : J Z j z
B: + ; K [ k {
C: , < L \ l |
D: − = M ] m }
E: . > N ^ n ~
F: / ? O _ o DEL

NOTES

History

An ascii manual page appeared in Version 7 of AT&T UNIX.

On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left arrow, called backarrow, the caret is displayed as an up-arrow and the vertical bar has a hole in the middle.

Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the ASCII character 2 differs from the double quote by just one bit, too. That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically or with a non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that pairing was found on old teletypes.

The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968.

SEE ALSO

iso_8859-1(7), iso_8859-10(7), iso_8859-13(7), iso_8859-14(7), iso_8859-15(7), iso_8859-16(7), iso_8859-2(7), iso_8859-3(7), iso_8859-4(7), iso_8859-5(7), iso_8859-6(7), iso_8859-7(7), iso_8859-8(7), iso_8859-9(7)

COLOPHON

This page is part of release 3.52 of the Linux man-pages project. A description of the project, and information about reporting bugs, can be found at http://www.kernel.org/doc/man−pages/.


  t
Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michaelmoria.de)
Created Fri Apr  2 11:32:09 MET DST 1993

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Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith (faithcs.unc.edu)
Modified 1994-05-15 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlanyggdrasil.com)
Modified 1994-11-22 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlanyggdrasil.com)
Modified 1995-07-11 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlanyggdrasil.com)
Modified 1996-12-18 by Michael Haardt and aeb
Modified 1999-05-31 by Dimitri Papadopoulos (dpoclub-internet.fr)
Modified 1999-08-08 by Michael Haardt (michaelmoria.de)
Modified 2004-04-01 by aeb